Understanding the side effects of GLP-1 medications with a digestive system illustration

Understanding the Side Effects of GLP-1 Medications

Feb 21, 2025

In our continued exploration of GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1), we've already taken an in-depth look at its functions, production, and therapeutic importance in a [previous blog post] While GLP-1 offers numerous benefits, it is equally important to be aware of the potential side effects associated with GLP-1 medications.

Like all medications, GLP-1 drugs such as Ozempic and Wegovy can come with side effects. Understanding these possibilities is critical for making informed decisions about your health.

With that in mind, let’s take a closer look at both the common and less common side effects of GLP-1 medications, as well as practical management strategies to help mitigate any discomfort or complications.

Common Side Effects

GLP-1 medications often cause gastrointestinal (GI) issues, especially when starting treatment:

Minimalist infographic showing common GLP-1 side effects like nausea and dizziness

1. Nausea and Vomiting

Up to 50% of patients experience nausea, especially in the first few weeks.
Vomiting may also occur but tends to subside over time.

Man experiencing nausea, a common side effect of GLP-1 medication

2. Diarrhea and Constipation

Some patients develop diarrhea, while others experience constipation due to changes in digestive motility.
GI symptoms typically improve with continued use.

3. Abdominal Discomfort

Stomach pain, bloating, and general discomfort are commonly reported.
Dietary adjustments may help alleviate these symptoms.

Black and white image of a woman clutching stomach due to gastrointestinal pain

4. "Ozempic Face"

Rapid weight loss can result in facial sagging, a phenomenon known as "Ozempic face."
This occurs due to loss of fat volume in the face.

Infographic highlighting rare and severe Ozempic side effects

Serious Risks of GLP-1 Medications

While rare, some side effects require immediate medical attention:

1. Pancreatitis

Symptoms: Severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever.
Patients should seek urgent medical care if these symptoms arise.

2. Gallbladder Issues

Gallstones and gallbladder inflammation have been reported.
Symptoms include upper right abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

3. Kidney Problems

Acute kidney injury can occur, particularly in those experiencing severe vomiting or diarrhea leading to dehydration.

3D medical illustration of kidneys highlighting potential kidney-related side effects

4. Allergic Reactions

Though rare, some may experience rash, swelling, or breathing difficulties.
Seek emergency medical help if an allergic reaction occurs.

Management Strategies for GLP-1 Side Effects

To minimize discomfort, patients can follow these practical strategies:

1. Dietary Adjustments

Eat smaller, more frequent meals to reduce nausea.
Focus on bland, low-fat foods that are gentle on digestion.

2. Gradual Dose Increases

Healthcare providers may slowly increase dosage to allow the body to adjust.

3. Hydration

Drinking plenty of fluids helps prevent dehydration from vomiting or diarrhea.

Smiling woman holding a glass of water, promoting hydration and wellnes

4. Symptom Tracking

Keep a journal of side effects to discuss with your doctor during follow-ups.
GLP-1 medications offer significant health benefits but come with potential side effects. While nausea, GI issues, and weight-related changes are common, serious risks like pancreatitis and gallbladder issues require careful monitoring. By implementing dietary adjustments, gradual dosing, and hydration strategies, patients can optimize their treatment experience. Consulting with healthcare providers ensures safe and effective use of GLP-1 therapies for diabetes and obesity management.